Distancia focal
La distancia focal o longitud focal de una lente es la distancia entre el centro óptico de la lente o plano nodal posterior y el foco (o punto focal) cuando enfocamos a infinito. La inversa de la distancia focal de una lente es la potencia.
Para una lente positiva (convergente), la distancia focal es positiva. Se define como la distancia desde el eje central de la lente hasta donde un haz de luz de rayos paralelos colimado que atraviesa la lente se enfoca en un único punto. Para una lente negativa (divergente), la distancia focal es negativa. Se define como la distancia que hay desde el eje central de la lente a un punto imaginario del cual parece emerger el haz de luz colimado que pasa a través de la lente.
Para un espejo con curvatura esférica, la distancia focal es igual a la mitad del radio de curvatura del espejo. La distancia focal es positiva para un espejo cóncavo, y negativa para un espejo convexo.
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